Ukufanana nokwenziwa kwezinkuni kanye nezinkuni ezithwala

Inqubo ekhulunywa phakathi kwezivale ezifakwe kanye nezivale ezivalelwe.

Ukwenza izinto zokwenza izinto zokwenza izinto ezinzima kakhulu kahle, kusuka kwi-shape yezinto ezinzima, ikakhulukazi i-casting production, kuyinto ekhethekile; ngokushesha kuyinto ekhethekile; kanye nezinto eziningi ezitholakala kanye nezinto ezinhle zokwenza.

　　3. However, there are many materials (e.g., metal, wood, fuel, molding materials, etc.) and equipment (such as metallurgical furnace, sand mixer, molding machine, core making machine, sand falling machine, shot blasting machine, cast iron plate, etc.). Casting production required, will produce dust, harmful gases and noise pollution of the environment.

　　4. Casting is an early metal hot working process mastered by mankind, with a history of about 6,000 years. Copper frog castings appeared in Mesopotamia in 3200 BC. From the 13th century B.C. to the 10th century B.C., China entered the heyday of bronze casting, and the technology has reached a fairly high level. For example, the Simuwu square tripod of the Shang Dynasty, the Zenghouyi Zun disk of the Warring States period, and the transparent mirrors of the Western Han Dynasty are representative products of ancient casting. Early casting is influenced by pottery, casting most of the agricultural production, religion, life and other aspects of the tools or vessels, with a strong artistic color. In 513 BC, China cast the world's earliest recorded cast iron pieces, namely - gold tripod (about 270 kilograms). About the 8th century, Europe began to produce cast iron parts. 18th century after the industrial revolution, casting entered a new era for the service of big industry. 20th century, casting development is rapid, has developed ductile iron, malleable cast iron, ultra-low carbon stainless steel, aluminum-copper, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-magnesium alloy, titanium and nickel-based alloys, such as casting metal materials, the invention of the grey cast iron gestation treatment of the new technology. 20 century 50s, after the appearance of the After the 1950s, the emergence of wet sand high-pressure molding, chemical hardening sand molding core, negative pressure molding and other special casting and shot blasting cleaning and other new technologies.

　　5. There are many kinds of castings, customarily divided into: ordinary sand casting, including wet sand, dry sand and chemical hardening sand. According to the molding material, special casting can be divided into two categories: natural mineral sand as the main molding material for special casting (such as investment casting, mud casting, foundry shell casting, negative pressure casting, full mold casting, ceramic casting, etc.). And special castings with metal as the main molding material (such as metal type casting, pressure casting, continuous casting, low-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, etc.). .

　　6. Casting process usually includes: the preparation of casting (liquid metal into a solid casting container), can be divided into sand, metal type, ceramic type, mud type, graphite type. According to the number of uses can be divided into a one-time mold, semi-permanent molds and permanent molds, and the quality of casting preparation is the main factor affecting the quality of castings; casting metal melting and casting, casting metal (casting alloys), including cast iron, cast steel and casting non-ferrous alloys; casting treatment and inspection. Casting treatment includes the removal of foreign matter from the core and casting surface, cutting off the pouring riser, removing burrs and seams, heat treatment, molding, rust prevention and rough machining. Imported pump valve two, forging

Ukwenza: Isitshini sokwenza okusezingeni eliphezulu kuyinto esetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukunquma kwemali yemali, ukuze ibe yisimo esisodwa, isimo esisodwa nesize lesikhumba lesikwazi ukwenza izinto ezithile zokunakekelwa kwezinto.

Okulandelayo kwezimbili ezinhlobo zokwenza. Ukulandela kwezimbili kungathatha izimpawu zomithi yokuvala nokubhoboka, izimo zemikhumbi yezokwenza zingaba ngcono kunemithi ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho amathuluzi amathathu, amaprofayili noma izinto ezithengiswa ngokulungiselela, izimbobo zingase zithengwe kakhulu emikhumbini yezinto ezinamandla, izimo ezikhona ezithile zokusebenza kwezinto ezinhle.

Ukwenza kwezinto kungathathwa njengoba: ukwenza okuvuliwe (ukwenza okuvuliwe). Ukuxhuma okanye ukuphando kuyasebenzisa ukwenza umetal phakathi kwezixhobo ezantsi kunye nezantsi (i-anvil seats) ukuze uthole izinto ezithandwayo. Kunamathuba amabini okwenza: ukwenza ngezandla kunye nokwenza ngokwe-mechanical. Ukwenza okufunywa okwenziwe. Ibilithi yemetal ekwakhiweni elinjalo yekhaya lokwenza lokwenziwa, ukuphando kwakhiwo, kungathathwa njengokwenza okwenziwe, ukuphando okolwenziwe, ukwenza okolwandlela, ukwenza okomthwalo, nanye. Ukwenza ngokwesikhumba kungathathwa njengoba kwenziwe ngokwenza okushisa (isitempulo sokwenza isilinganiso esiphakeme kunaleyo yesikhumba esikhulu), ukwenza ngokuthanda (ngaphantsi kwenkathi yesikhumba esikhulu) nokwenza okolwenziwe (isitempulo sesikhumba).

　　4. Forging material is mainly a variety of components of carbon and alloy steel, followed by aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper and its alloys. The original state of the material includes bar, ingot, metal powder and liquid metal. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation to the area of the broken mold after deformation is called the forging ratio. Correct choice of forging ratio and improve product quality, reduce costs have a great relationship.

Izinkambiso zezivalo zivunyelwe ngokuthengiswa. Izivalo zokuthengiswa kuzoba ngezivalo ezithengiswa ngokuthengisa. Izivalo zokuthengisa eziningi kubalulekile kakhulu (njengase PN16, PN25, PN40, kodwa kukhona futhi ezinkulu, kuya kuya ku-1500Lb, 2500Lb), okuningi kubo kungaphansi kuka DN50. Izivalo ezithengiswa zithengiswa ngokuthengisa futhi kanye zithengiswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zezitayela ezinamandla ngezinye izinsimbi ezincane, kubalulekile kakhulu phezulu kuka DN50.